The fourth day of Hack.lu 2024 brought valuable insights into the evolving tactics of cybercriminals, proactive network defense, and innovative threat detection methods. Covering a range of topics from router compromises to firmware analysis, the sessions offered practical knowledge for security professionals focused on anticipating adversary actions, securing network infrastructure, and improving threat detection accuracy.

The Ouroboros of Cybercrime - Witnessing Threat Actors go from Pwn to Pwn’d: This talk highlighted the cyclical nature of cybercrime, where threat actors who compromise systems are themselves targeted and compromised by other groups. It illustrated how attacks evolve and often come full circle, underscoring the volatility and risks within the cybercrime ecosystem.

The XE Files - Trust No Router: James Atack provided an in-depth look into Cisco Talos’s recent findings on widespread router compromises, revealing that tens of thousands of routers remain vulnerable to backdoors. He emphasized the persistence of the adversary and the concerning lack of response from some organizations, calling for enhanced vigilance around network devices.

New Features in the Zeek Network Monitor: Christian Kreibich discussed the latest advancements in Zeek, including scriptability with JavaScript, performance improvements, and enhanced telemetry integration with Prometheus. These updates open new possibilities for network analysis, making Zeek an even more robust tool for proactive network monitoring.

Sigma Unleashed - A Realistic Implementation: Mathieu Le Cleach from CERT-EU shared a real-world implementation of Sigma rules for better detection across multiple SIEMs and EDRs. His tool, Droid, supports versioning, modular rule validation, and cross-platform deployment, helping organizations maintain adaptable and effective detection capabilities.

Predictive Analytics for Adversary Techniques in the MITRE ATT&CK Framework using Rule Mining: Tristan Madani presented a predictive model using association rule mining to anticipate adversary techniques based on historical data within the MITRE ATT&CK framework. By applying Apriori and FP-Growth algorithms, he showcased how this approach can enhance threat hunting by identifying probable attack patterns and improving proactive defense.

Exploring Firmwares - Tools and Techniques for New Cartographers: Eloïse Brocas introduced attendees to firmware analysis, guiding them through file system extraction and cartography using tools like Pyrrha and Numbat. She demonstrated how custom parsers with Kaitai Struct and visual mapping can uncover vulnerabilities and provide deep insights into firmware structure, aiding in securing IoT and embedded devices.